Aprendizaje por refuerzo en sistemas multiagente mediante MARLÖ

[ES] En este trabajo de fin de grado se realizará un estudio basado en el análisis de la aplicación de algoritmos de aprendizaje por refuerzo para entornos mono-agente sobre entornos multi-agente basados en la plataforma MARLÖ. Todo esto con el objetivo de comparar la eficacia y eficiencia de dichos algoritmos en entornos para los cuales no han sido diseñados. Para esto será necesario tanto el diseño y creación de entornos personalizados como la modificación de las implementaciones de los algoritmos para adaptarlas a dichos entornos.[EN] In this final degree thesis, we perform a study based on the analysis of the application of reinforcement learning algorithms designed for single-agent environments on multi-agent environments based on the MARLÖ platform. All this in order to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of these algorithms in environments for which they have not been designed. This will require both the design and creation of custom environments and the modification of the algorithm implementations to adapt them to those environments.[CA] En aquest treball de fi de grau es realitzarà un estudi basat en l’anàlisi de l’aplicació d’algoritmes d’aprenentatge per reforç per a entorns mono-agent sobre entorns multiagent basats en la plataforma MARLÖ. Tot això amb l’objectiu de comparar l’eficàcia i eficiència d’aquests algorismes en entorns per als quals no han estat dissenyats. Per això serà necessari tant el disseny i creació d’entorns personalitzats com la modificació de les implementacions dels algoritmes per adaptar-les a aquests entorns.Gracias al Instituto Valenciano de Investigación en Inteligencia Artificial (VRAIN) por concederme la beca de formación que ha hecho este trabajo posible. We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan V GPU used for this research.Martínez Sanchis, G. (2020). Aprendizaje por refuerzo en sistemas multiagente mediante MARLÖ. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/162288TFG

Sistema d'AGV (vehicles-robot de guiatge automàtic) per a magatzems i plantes de manufactura

Aquest document conté originàriament altre material i/o programari només consultable a la Biblioteca de Ciència i Tecnologia.Una de les solucions per a minimitzar els costos de producció o d'emmagatzematge és automatitzarneUna de las soluciones para minimizar los costes de producción o de almacenaje consiste enA possible solution to minimize production or warehousing costs relies on automating interna

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Astrocytes require insulin-like growth factor I to protect neurons against oxidative injury

Oxidative stress is a proposed mechanism in brain aging, making the study of its regulatory processes an important aspect of current neurobiological research. In this regard, the role of the aging regulator insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in brain responses to oxidative stress remains elusive as both beneficial and detrimental actions have been ascribed to this growth factor. Because astrocytes protect neurons against oxidative injury, we explored whether IGF-I participates in astrocyte neuroprotection and found that blockade of the IGF-I receptor in astrocytes abrogated their rescuing effect on neurons. The protection mediated by IGF-I against oxidative stress (H 2O 2) in astrocytes is probably needed for these cells to provide adequate neuroprotection. Indeed, in astrocytes but not in neurons, IGF-I helps decrease the pro-oxidant protein thioredoxin-interacting protein 1 and normalizes the levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, IGF-I cooperates with trophic signals produced by astrocytes in response to H 2O 2 such as stem cell factor (SCF) to protect neurons against oxidative insult. After stroke, a condition associated with brain aging where oxidative injury affects peri-infarcted regions, a simultaneous increase in SCF and IGF-I expression was found in the cortex, suggesting that a similar cooperative response takes place in vivo. Cell-specific modulation by IGF-I of brain responses to oxidative stress may contribute in clarifying the role of IGF-I in brain aging. © 2014 Genis L et al.This work was funded by grants of the Spanish Ministry of Science (SAF2010-17036) and Centro Investigacion Biomedica en red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) to IT-A.Peer Reviewe

The relationship between fixation stability and retinal structural parameters in children with anisometropic, strabismic and mixed amblyopia

Background: Amblyopia is an ocular condition leading to structural and functional changes. The relationship between these changes is complex and remains poorly understood. (2) Methods: Participants included 31 children aged 5 to 9 years with strabismic (n = 9), anisometropic (n = 16) and mixed (n = 6) unilateral amblyopia, and 14 age-matched non-amblyopic children. The 95% and 63% Bivariate Contour Ellipse Area (BCEA), axial length, Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) area, center macular thickness and volume were assessed. The relationship between these parameters was explored. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were found among the four groups in best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) (p < 0.001), BCEA 95% (p = 0.002) and BCEA 63% (p = 0.002), but not in the FAZ area, central macular thickness, central macular volume and axial length. Eyes with amblyopia had poorer BCVA and larger fixation instability than controls. Inter-ocular differences were more significant in patients with strabismic amblyopia, particularly in BCVA (p = 0.003), central macular thickness (p < 0.001) and central macular volume (p = 0.002). In amblyopic eyes, BCEA 95% and 63% were correlated with BCVA, but not with the FAZ area. (4) Conclusion: Amblyopia is associated with a reduction in fixation stability and BCVA, although there is a general lack of correlation with structural changes, suggesting a complex interaction between anatomy and function in amblyopia.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Facteurs affectant la concentration de cellules somatiques dans le lait des chèvres de la race Mur -ciano-granadina: Résultats préliminaires

Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is an indicator of the udder´s health. The National Association of Murciano-granadina Goat Breeders (CAPRIGRAN) has developed a program in order to improve the quantity and the quality of milk, being the SCC an important milk quality aspect. The aim of this study is to identify the factors significantly affecting the SCC content in milk of Murcia-granadina goats. Data from 18 farms were collected, with a total of 5799 lactations. 10 variables have been analyzed, 7 quantitative (number of births, lactation period days, drying period days, milk production per day, fat contain, protein contain and SCC) and 3 qualitative (type of system, drying treatment and milking valorization). The most influencing quantitative variables in the SCC are: milk production per day and lactation period days and the drying period days. The most influencing qualitative variables are: type of system and milking valorization. Further studies are necessary for better understanding the influence of type of system on the SCC, especially on factors related to facilities and the feeding.La concentration de cellules somatiques (CCS) dans le lait est un indicateur de la santé des ma - melles. L’Association d’Éleveurs de chèvres de la Race Murciano-granadina (CAPRIGRAN) a mis au point un programme pour améliorer la quantité et qualité du lait, étant la CCS un important aspect lié à la qualité. L’objet de ce travail est d’identifier les différents facteurs affectant le contenu en cellules somatiques du lait des chèvres de la race Murciano-granadina. On a utilisé les données de 18 fermes, avec un total de 5799 lactations et on a analysé 10 variables, 7 quantitatives (numéro de naissances, jours du période de lactation, jours du période de séchage, production par jour, contenu en graisse, contenu en protéine et CCS) et 3 qualitatives (type de système, traitement de séchage et valorisation de la traite). Les variables quantitatives plus influentes sur la CCS sont la production de lait par jour, la durée du période de lactation et la durée du période de séchage. Les variables quantitatives plus influentes sur la CCS sont le type de système de production et la valorisation du procès de traite. Plus d’études pour mieux comprendre l’influence du type de système de production sur le CCS seraient nécessaires, spécialement au sujet des aménagements et de l’alimentation des chèvres

Validation of the Spanish version of the low vision quality of life questionnaire

PURPOSE: To validate Spanish Low Vision Qualify of Life (SLVQOL) questionnaire, a quality of life instrument specifically designed for patients with visual impairment, and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: The study included 170 visually impaired patients and 195 healthy subjects. Participants were administered the SLVQOL, the NEI VFQ-25, and the EQ 5D-5L questionnaires. Reliability, test–retest reproducibility, feasibility, and construct validity of the SLVQOL were assessed. The Generalized Partial Credit Model was used to fit the data and the performance of each item was characterized using category response curves and item information. RESULTS: The reliability of the SLVQOL was 0.981 (95% CI: 0.978—0.985). Test–retest reproducibility was good (¿=0.864, P < .001). A cut-off point of 105 or 106 was optimal to detect visual impairment, with a sensitivity of 95.4% and a specificity of 91.8%. Construct validity was shown by the corresponding convergence or divergence correlations between the score of the SLVQOL and its dimensions and the overall and partial scores of the NEI VFQ-25 and the EQ 5D-5L. Item response theory analysis showed discrimination and information parameters ranging from 0.539 to 3.063 and from -1.894 to 1.074, respectively. CONCLUSION: The SLVQOL was able to quantitatively assess and identify differences in the quality of life among patients with visual impairment and normal subjects. The psychometric properties evaluated suggest that this tool has excellent validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility, but may benefit from a reduction of the number of items.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma tumors: Cholangiolocellular carcinoma is a distinct molecular entity

Background & Aims: Mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CCA) is a rare and poorly understood type of primary liver cancer. We aimed to perform a comprehensive molecular characterization of this malignancy.Methods: Gene expression profiling, DNA copy number detection, and exome sequencing using formalin-fixed samples from 18 patients with mixed HCC-CCA were performed, encompassing the whole histological spectrum of the disease. Comparative genomic analysis was carried out, using independent datasets of HCC (n = 164) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) (n = 149).Results: Integrative genomic analysis of HCC-CCAs revealed that cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) represents a distinct biliaryderived entity compared with the stem-cell and classical types. CLC tumors were neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) positive (6/6 vs. 1/12, p < 0.001), chromosomally stable (mean chromosomal aberrations 5.7 vs. 14.1, p = 0.008), showed significant upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling and enrichment of inflammation-related and immune response signatures (p < 0.001). Stem-cell tumors were characterized by spaltlike transcription factor 4 (SALL4) positivity (6/8 vs. 0/10, p < 0.001), enrichment of progenitor-like signatures, activation of specific oncogenic pathways (i.e., MYC and insulin-like growth factor [IGF]), and signatures related to poor clinical outcome. In the classical type, there was a significant correlation in the copy number variation of the iCCA and HCC components, suggesting a clonal origin. Exome sequencing revealed an average of 63 non-synonymous mutations per tumor (2 mean driver mutations per tumor). Among those, TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene (6/21, 29%) in HCC-CCAs.Conclusions: Mixed HCC-CCA represents a heterogeneous group of tumors, with the stem-cell type characterized by features of poor prognosis, and the classical type with common lineage for HCC and iCCA components. CLC stands alone as a distinct biliary-derived entity associated with chromosomal stability and active TGF-b signaling.Lay summary: Molecular analysis of mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CCA) showed that cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) is distinct and biliary in origin. It has none of the traits of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, within mixed HCC-CCA, stem-cell type tumors shared an aggressive nature and poor outcome, whereas the classic type showed a common cell lineage for both the HCC and the intrahepatic CCA component. The pathological classification of mixed HCC-CCA should be redefined because of the new molecular data provided. (C) 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved